Common chemicals that wastewater treatment plants struggle to remove from wastewater
The wastewater treatmentplants in India have effectively controlled conventional pollutants like bacteria, COD
(Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), suspended solids,
etc. Wastewater treatment plants face newer challenges with “emerging pollutants.”
These include pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and
fertilizers. As of now, there are no specific treatment processes or standard
testing methods for the emerging pollutants. Trace quantities of agents or
certain indicator constituents of these pollutants have been found in treated
wastewater.
Alternates to chemical treatment in wastewater treatment plants.
Another alternative and popular method to
chemical treatment is biological treatment in wastewater treatment. Biological treatment
is when the microorganism present in the wastewater reduces the organic matter
aerobically and anaerobically. The microorganism requires food which is BOD
(Biochemical Oxygen Demand) that it consumes in presence of oxygen. It grows in
numbers and reaches a stage where there is no food left. That is when the
microorganism starts eating its own cell mass and eventually dies. Such active
or dead microorganisms are removed as sludge by clarification after biological
treatment. A part of the remaining sludge is recycled back to biological
treatment to maintain the required number of microorganisms and the remaining
part is wasted.
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